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Alexander Mackenzie (composer)
Sir Alexander Campbell Mackenzie KCVO (22 August 184728 April 1935) was a Scottish composer, conductor and teacher best known for his oratorios, violin and piano pieces, Scottish folk music and works for the stage.
Mackenzie was a member of a musical family and was sent for his musical education to Germany. He had many successes as a composer, producing over 90 compositions, but from 1888 to 1924, he devoted a great part of his energies to running the Royal Academy of Music. Together with Hubert Parry and Charles Villiers Stanford, he was regarded as one of the fathers of the British musical renaissance in the late nineteenth century.
==Life and career==
Mackenzie was born in Edinburgh, the eldest son of Alexander Mackenzie and his wife, Jessie Watson ''née'' Campbell.〔("Mackenzie, Sir Alexander Campbell" ), ''Who Was Who'', A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edition, Oxford University Press, 2007, accessed 28 September 2009]〕 He was the fourth musician of his family. His great-grandfather was an army bandsman; his grandfather, John Mackenzie, was a violinist in Edinburgh and Aberdeen; his father was also a violinist, the conductor of the orchestra in the Theatre Royal, Edinburgh, and editor of ''The National Dance Music of Scotland''.〔"Alexander Campbell Mackenzie, August 22, 1847 – April 28, 1935", obituary, ''The Musical Times'', Vol. 76, No. 1108, June 1935, pp. 497–502.〕 Mackenzie's musical talent emerged early: at the age of eight he was playing nightly in his father's orchestra.〔 He was sent for his musical education to Germany, living with his teacher, the Stadtmusiker August Bartel, in Schwarzburg-Sondershausen in Thuringia, where he entered the conservatorium under K. W. Ulrich and Eduard Stein, remaining there from 1857 to 1861, when he entered the ducal orchestra as a violinist.〔
Mackenzie wished to continue his violin studies with the teacher Prosper Sainton, who had taught his father, and in 1862 he successfully applied for admission to the Royal Academy of Music in London, where Sainton taught. His other tutors were the principal, Charles Lucas (harmony), and Frederick Bowen Jewson (piano).〔Barker, Duncan J. ("Mackenzie, Sir Alexander Campbell" ), Grove Music Online (requires subscription), accessed 27 September 2009〕 Shortly after starting at the Academy, he was awarded a King's Scholarship, the income from which Mackenzie augmented by playing in theatre and music hall pit-bands, as well as in classical concerts under the leading conductor Michael Costa.〔''The Times'' obituary, 29 April 1935, p. 16〕 This sometimes caused him to neglect his academic work, and on one occasion, having failed to prepare a piece by a classical composer for a piano examination, he improvised, "starting off in A minor and taking care to end in the same key", and convinced the examiners that it was a little-known work by Schubert. Recalling this prank in his old age, he added, "I have never ceased to wonder at my escape, and would certainly not advise any student to run a similar risk today."〔 Some of Mackenzie's early compositions were performed at the Academy.〔
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